Explaining HIV and AIDS

Key facts:-

1. HIV and AIDS affects 40.4 million people worldwide (32.9-51.3 million) and remains a major public health problem. Some countries report a decrease in violence.
2. By the end of 2022, 39 million people (33.1-45.7 million) will be infected with HIV and AIDS annually, two-thirds (25.6 million) of whom live in the WHO African Region.
3. By 2022, 630,000 [480,000–880,000] people will die from HIV and AIDS and 1.3 million [10–1.7 million] people will be infected with HIV.
4. HIV has no cure. However, despite the importance of HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as well as opportunistic transmission, HIV infection has become a health problem, and the duration of good behavior affects the lifestyle and lifestyle of people living with HIV.
5. The WHO, the United Nations, and UNAIDS launched the Global HIV Strategy, based on Sustainable Development Goal 3.3, to end the HIV and AIDS epidemic by 2030.
6. By 2025, 95% of people living with HIV should be tested annually, 95% of people living with HIV should receive antiretroviral therapy, and 95% of people living with HIV should receive treatment based on their viral load. Promote public health and reduce the impact of HIV and AIDS. In 2022 these will be 86(%) [73->98%], 89(%) 75->98%] and 93(%) [79->98%], respectively.
7. Of all people with HIV, 86% [73-98] know their status, 76% [65-89] receive antiretroviral treatment and 71% [60-83] are aware of it.

Overview

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a disease that suppresses the immune system. Antiretroviral viruses (AIDS) are the most common. HIV attacks the body’s white blood cells and weakens the immune system. It can reduce the risk of psoriasis, infections, and some types of cancer.

HIV is spread through bodily fluids such as blood, breast milk, semen, and vaginal fluids. It doesn’t come with hugs, kisses, or shared meals. It can also be passed from mother to child. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is used to treat and prevent HIV infection. If HIV is not treated, it can turn into AIDS after a few years.

The World Health Organization currently defines severe HIV disease (SAD) as a CD4 count of 200/mm3 or higher, or WHO grade 3 or 4, in adults and adolescents. All HIV-infected children under the age of 5 are infected with HIV.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of HIV and AIDS infection vary depending on the severity of the infection. The disease is easily contagious and spreads in the first few months of life, but many people do not realize this until later in life. People may not have any symptoms for several weeks after infection. Other factors that can cause flu symptoms include:

• fever
• headache
• rash
• sore throat

Infections gradually weaken the immune system. It can cause other signs and symptoms.

• swollen lymph nodes
• weight loss
• fever
• diarrhea
• cough

Without treatment, people with HIV and AIDS can develop serious health problems.

• tuberculosis (TB)
• cryptococcal meningitis
• severe bacterial infections
• cancers such as lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma.
• HIV can worsen other infections, such as hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and gastroenteritis.

Transmission:-

HIV is spread through the exchange of body fluids such as blood, breast milk, semen, and genital fluids. The HIV to the baby during pregnancy and delivery People cannot become infected through normal contact such as hugging, kissing, holding hands, or sharing objects, food, or water. HIV and AIDS cannot be transmitted to one’s partner, so accessing and continuing antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV is important not only for improving health but also for those living with HIV. But it prevents the spread of HIV and AIDS.

Risk factors:-

• Behaviors and situations that put you at risk for HIV.
• Having anal or genital sex without using a condom.

Other sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and bacterial vaginosis.
Alcohol and drug use during sexual behavior Use of needles, needles, and other suction devices and contaminated medical solutions for injections. Medical practice includes unsafe injections, blood transfusions, and tissue transplants. and contaminated cuts or punctures. and accidental injection site infection including infection of healthcare workers during

Diagnosis:-

HIV diagnostic test gives same-day results. Early detection, treatment, and prevention are very difficult. People can test themselves using an HIV and AIDS self-test. However, no test can fully detect HIV infection. A qualified and experienced health or social worker should carry out screening in a community center or clinic, using basic WHO tests and nationally accepted testing technologies and methodologies to diagnose HIV infection more accurately.

A commonly used HIV and AIDS diagnosis test checks for antibodies in the body’s immune system that fight HIV. People usually develop HIV antibodies within 28 days of infection. At this point, their antibody levels are too low for ultra-rapid tests to detect. However, they can still transmit HIV to others during this window period. Those at high risk should consider retesting after 28 days.

After a positive test, the test must be repeated before being admitted to the hospital. Be careful to avoid confusion or reporting errors. The test is simple and effective for both children and adults. But not for babies born to HIV-infected mothers. Children younger than 18 months do not need rapid antibodies to detect HIV infection. Tests for the virus are done after birth or at 6 weeks of age. There is now a new technology for that. -On-site monitoring and same-day testing which allows immediate and effective information exchange on treatment and care.

Safety:-

1. HIV and AIDS is preventable.
2. To reduce the risk of HIV infection:
3. Use male or female condoms during sex
4. HIV and STD testing
5. Treatment is voluntary male circumcision
6. Having harm-reduction devices means injecting drugs into people.
7. Doctors may prescribe medicines and medications to prevent HIV infection, such as
8. Antiretroviral therapy (ARV) is an oral and long-term treatment.
9. dapivirine vaginal ring
10. Cabotegravir long-acting infusion solution.
11. Antiretroviral treatment prevents mothers from passing HIV to their children.
12. People taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) cannot transmit HIV to sexual partners if they have no symptoms of the virus in their blood. Getting tested and taking antiretroviral treatment are important components of HIV prevention.

Treat:-

HIV has no cure. He was treated with antiretroviral drugs to prevent the spread of the virus in his body. Current antiretroviral therapy (ART) not only treats HIV but also strengthens the immune system. Helps fight other diseases. Now, people have to take antibiotics every day. Antibiotics help reduce the number of bacteria in the body. It can stop symptoms and allow people to live fuller, healthier lives. People with HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy and have no symptoms in their blood cannot transmit the virus to sexual partners. Pregnant women infected with HIV should receive antiretroviral treatment immediately.

It protects the mother’s health and prevents the transmission of HIV to the baby or child through breastfeeding before birth. Antiretroviral drugs given to HIV-negative people can prevent disease. These are called antiretroviral therapy (PREP), given before HIV infection, and postprophylaxis (PEP), given after exposure. People can take PrEP or PEP if they are at higher risk for HIV infection; people should talk to their doctor when considering PrEP or PEP treatment. The HIV epidemic remains a challenge in the fight against AIDS. WHO helps countries implement effective HIV treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality. New HIV drugs and short-acting medications like strep eye drops may improve access to preventive care, such as antiretroviral drugs and injections, in the future. More information about HIV treatment

World Health Organization’s response:-

The Global Health Strategy on HIV and AIDS, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Syndromes (GHSS) 2022-2030 achieves the goal of eliminating HIV, hepatitis C, and sexually transmitted diseases and guides the health sector in implementing the strategic plan. must find virus

The Global Safeguards System, with support from WHO and partners, recommends actions for countries affected by hemorrhagic fever. It addresses the epidemiological, technological, and social changes that have occurred in recent years, increasing disease awareness and providing opportunities to apply new practices and knowledge to disease response. This requires targeting the most susceptible and vulnerable populations in each situation to eliminate risks. It promotes cooperation in general and primary health care and contributes to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Blog by:- ExpertSadar